1/2003 Russian Empire: Boundaries and Frontiers

Один человек “Восточную Европу” не создаст, но может попытаться: Чарльз Фредерик Хеннингсен и идеологическое конструирование Восточной Европы

Марк Бейкер

1/2003

Публикуется на английском.

SUMMARY:

В контексте исследований конструирования символических границ регионов, таких, как Восточная Европа, автор обращается к работам британского путешественника, солдата и писателя Чарлза Фредерика Хеннингсена. Британец скандинавского происхождения, Хеннингсен воевал в Испании и на Кавказе и участвовал в последней стадии восстания Лайоша Кошута. В своих трудах Хеннингсен впервые на английском языке описал “Восточную Европу”, доводя до сведения широкой публики реориентацию деления европейского континента с оси Север-Юг на ось Запал-Восток, о которой писал Лэрри Вулфф. Хеннингсен осуждал деспотизм восточных монархий в Пруссии, Австрии, Турции и России. В тоже время, Хеннингсен не считал Восточную Европу единым целым и подробно описывал народы, населяющие континентальные империи. Более того, Хеннингсен верил в освобождение этих народов от власти господствовавших над ними государств и даже предлагал политическую программу для Западной Европы, которая должна была принять участие в историческом процессе освобождения этих народов от власти многонациональных империй.

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1.The Foreign Quarterly Review. 1846. Vol. 36. No. 72. Pp. 513-18. The Review ran from 1827 to 1846, and has been called “the most successful and generally the most moderate, most perceptive, and best informed British interpreter of foreign literature and foreign attitudes”. Walter E. Houghton (Ed.). The Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals, 1824-1900. Vol. II. London, 1960. P. 137.↩

2.Francesca Wilson. Muscovy: Russia through Foreign Eyes, 1553-1900. New York, 1970. P. 19. In 1589 Richard Hakluyt attributed “the strange and wonderful discovery of Russia” to Richard Chancellor in 1553, but Herberstein visited Russia in 1517 and 1526 as Imperial Ambassador of the HRE, published a book on his travels in 1549, and “become known on the Continent as the discoverer of Russia.” Of course, in England, Chancellor’s work may have had more impact.↩

3.I have consulted the following reference indexes for earlier titles: The British Library: General Catalogue of Printed Books to 1975 (on C-D Rom). London, 1991; RLIN and OCLC on-line bibliographical networks of printed sources; Hollis System. Widener Library. Cambridge; and Catalogue of all Printed Books in the Advocates Library. Edinburgh, 1874. I have searched for the following key words: Eastern Europe, East Europe, East-Central Europe, East Central Europe, Mitteleuropa, Osteuropa, l’orient de l’Europe, l’oriental de l’Europe and l’Europe de l’est. I am aware of only one other title bearing a related term: Hans Erich Thunmann. Untersuchungen über die Geschichte der östlichen europäischen Völker. Leipzig, 1774. However, Hans Lemberg in his study of the origins of the idea of Eastern Europe states that Thunmann “dealt mostly with the peoples of Southeastern Europe.” Hans Lemberg. Zur Entstehung des Osteuropabegriffs im 19. Jahrhundert. Vom 'Norden' zum 'Osten' Europas // Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas. 1985. Vol. 33. H. 1. P. 61.

Примечания

[1]The Foreign Quarterly Review. 1846. Vol. 36. No. 72. Pp. 513-18. The Review ran from 1827 to 1846, and has been called “the most successful and generally the most moderate, most perceptive, and best informed British interpreter of foreign literature and foreign attitudes”. Walter E. Houghton (Ed.). The Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals, 1824-1900. Vol. II. London, 1960. P. 137.

[2]Francesca Wilson. Muscovy: Russia through Foreign Eyes, 1553-1900. New York, 1970. P. 19. In 1589 Richard Hakluyt attributed “the strange and wonderful discovery of Russia” to Richard Chancellor in 1553, but Herberstein visited Russia in 1517 and 1526 as Imperial Ambassador of the HRE, published a book on his travels in 1549, and “become known on the Continent as the discoverer of Russia.” Of course, in England, Chancellor’s work may have had more impact.

[3]I have consulted the following reference indexes for earlier titles: The British Library: General Catalogue of Printed Books to 1975 (on C-D Rom). London, 1991; RLIN and OCLC on-line bibliographical networks of printed sources; Hollis System. Widener Library. Cambridge; and Catalogue of all Printed Books in the Advocates Library. Edinburgh, 1874. I have searched for the following key words: Eastern Europe, East Europe, East-Central Europe, East Central Europe, Mitteleuropa, Osteuropa, l’orient de l’Europe, l’oriental de l’Europe and l’Europe de l’est. I am aware of only one other title bearing a related term: Hans Erich Thunmann. Untersuchungen über die Geschichte der östlichen europäischen Völker. Leipzig, 1774. However, Hans Lemberg in his study of the origins of the idea of Eastern Europe states that Thunmann “dealt mostly with the peoples of Southeastern Europe.” Hans Lemberg. Zur Entstehung des Osteuropabegriffs im 19. Jahrhundert. Vom 'Norden' zum 'Osten' Europas // Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas. 1985. Vol. 33. H. 1. P. 61.

[4][Charles Frederick Henningsen]. Eastern Europe and the Emperor Nicholas. Vol. I. London, 1846. Pp. viii-ix. Only the first two volumes appeared in January of 1846; the third and concluding volume came out in the summer 1846. Henningsen published these volumes anonymously. The title page reads: “by the author of “Revelation of Russia” and “The White Slave,”” referring to two of his earlier works on the subject. He confirmed his authorship of all these works in 1852 with the publication of his The Past and Future of Hungary, by C.F. Henningsen, in which the title page stated: “Secretary to Governor Louis Kossuth, Author of “Twelve Month’ Campaign with Zumalacarregui,” “Revelations of Russia,” “Eastern Europe,” etc.” Cincinnati, 1852.

Ab Imperio

Ab Imperio

Один человек “Восточную Европу” не создаст, но может попытаться: Чарльз Фредерик Хеннингсен и идеологическое конструирование Восточной Европы

Примечания