4/2004 Reconciliation through the Past: Pan-European Perspective

Украинцы переосмысливают свои революции

Стэфен Велыченко

4/2004

Публикуется на английском (на английской части сайта).

SUMMARY:

В статье на конкретных примерах рассматриваются новые направления в изучении революционных процессов и социальных последствий революционных трансформаций в Украине в 1917-1921 г. Автор анализирует их на фоне общего историографического контекста, сложившегося после обретения Украиной независимости в 1991 г.
В центре внимания первой работы – аспекты социальной и политической истории Украины в нач. ХХ в.; оценка уровня поддержки независимости; взаимосвязь социального радикализма масс и национальной независимости.
Вторая работа, рассматриваемая в статье, представляет собой опыт написания региональной истории. Велыченко выделяет основные спорные положения монографии, связанные с интерпретацией процессов модернизации, адекватности их статистической репрезентации, а также подчеркивает необходимость дальнейших исследований, подтверждающих тезис о взаимосвязи регионализации имперской экономики в Украине и успеха национального движения. Подобного рода исследования должны, по мнению автора статьи, учитывать специфику политической борьбы украинских автонономистских, большевистских, региональных и проимперских интересов.
Велыченко намечет возможные направления дальнейших исследований в свете современных тенденций в западной историографии, призывая отечественных украинских историков выходить за узкие пределы национальной парадигмы и рассматривать революционные трансформации сквозь призму более емких социальных и экономических процессов.

1.For a bibliography see: T. Sosnovska. Ukrainska tsentralna rada: storinky istorii. Bibliohrafichyi pokazhnyk. Kharkiv, 1999.↩

2.V. Shevchenko (Ed.). Ukrainski politychni partii kintsia XIX-pochatku XX stolittia. Kyiv, 1993; V. Verstiuk (Ed.). Ukraiinska tsentralna rada. Dokumenty i materiialy u dvokh tomakh. Kyiv, 1996; V. Serhiichuk (Ed.). Pohromy v Ukraini 1914-1920. Kyiv, 1998; idem. Neusvidomlennia Ukrainy. Stanovlennia svitu do Ukrainskoi derzhavnosti: pohliad u 1917 – 1921 roku z analizom siohodennia. Lviv, 2003; V. Verstiuk, et al. Ukrainskyi natsionalno-vyzvolnyi rukh berezen – lystopad 1917 roku. Dokumenty i materialy. Kyiv, 2003. See also: V. Serhiichuk (Ed.). Ukrainska sobornist. Vidrodzhennia ukrainstva v 1917 – 1920. Kyiv, 1999. This is a collection of statements from Ukrainians living outside Kyiv, Volyn’, Podillia, Chernihiv and Poltava provinces supporting the Central Rada.↩

3.Ia. Tynchenko. Ukrainske ofitserstvo: shliakhy skorboty ta zabuttia: Ch. 1 biohrafichno-dovidkova. Kyiv, 1995; V. Verstiuk, T. Ostashko (Eds.). Diiachi Ukrainskoi tsentralnoi rady. Biohrafichnyi dovidnyk. Kyiv, 1998. V. Ialansky, L. Verovka. Nestor i Halyna. Rozpovidaiut fotokartky. Kyiv, 1999 is a collection of previously unpublished photos of and documents relating to Makhno and his relations, incorporating his wife’s letters and interviews with her and other survivors. The book is based primarily on state and private archives, but does not systematically identify all its sources.↩

4.S. Bilokin’ (Ed.). Massovyi teror iak zasib derzhavnoho upravlinnia v SRSR (1917 – 1941 rr.). Kyiv, 1999 includes a chapter on the fate of the members of the Central Rada (Pp. 236-46). P. Bachynsky (Ed.). Dokumenty trahichnoi istorii Ukrainy (1917 – 1927 rr.). Kyiv, 1999 contains primarily, but not only, Bolshevik secret-police materials concerning Ukrainian issues.↩

5.V. Sidak. Natsionalni spetssluzhby v period Ukrainskoi revoliutsii 1917 – 1921 rr. Kyiv, 1998; O.Tymoshchuk. (Ed.). Okhronnyi aparat ukrainskoi derzhavy kviten-hruden 1918 r. Kharkiv, 2000.↩

6.M. S. Derzhaliuk. Mizhnarodne stanovyshche Ukrainy ta ii vyzvolna borotba u 1917 – 1922 rr. Kyiv, 1998. The subject has been well studied abroad, but Derzhaliuk’s is the first Ukrainian synthesis based extensively on Ukrainian archives.↩

7.B. Andrusyshyn. U poshukakh sotsialnoi rivnovahy. Kyiv, 1995; idem. Tserkva v Ukrainskyi derzhavi 1917 – 1920 rr. (Doba Dyrektorii UNR). Kyiv, 1997; V. Ulianovsky. Tserkva v Ukrainskyi derzhavi 1917 – 1920. Kyiv, 1997. 2 vols.↩

8.Iu. Kotliar. Povstanskyi rukh selian na Pivdni Ukrainy. Vysunska ta Bashtynska respubliky (1919 – 1920). Mykolaiv, 1999.↩

9.P. Isakov. Zvedena tablytsia selianskykh povstanskykh zahoniv, shcho diialy na Sumshchyni ta Chernihivshchyni // Siverianskyi litopys. 1997. No. 3. Pp. 10-25; idem. Prohramni dokumenty selianskykh povstanskykh zahoniv, shcho diialy na livoberezhnii Ukraini v 1919 – 1921 rokakh // Siverianskyi litopys. 1999. No. 3. Pp. 47-75; idem. Selianskyi antykommunistychnyi povstanskyi rukh na livoberezhnyi Ukraini u 1919 rotsi: zahalna kharakterystyka // Siverianskyi litopys. 1999. No. 6. Pp. 157-162. R. Koval. Otamany haidamatskoho kraiu. 33 biohrafii. Kyiv, 1998 is a sympathetic treatment of the subject based on archival sources and containing dozens of previously unpublished photos.↩

10.O. Ia. Naiman. Evreiski partii ta obiednannia Ukrainy (1917 – 1925). Kyiv, 1998.↩

11.I. Pater. Soiuz vyzvolennia Ukrainy. Problemy derzhavnosti i sobornosti. Lviv, 2000; S. Bilokin’. Masony i Ukraina // Pamiatky Ukrainy. 2002. No. 2. Pp. 181-97. Mykhailo Hrushevsky, Pavlo Skoropadsky, Dmytro Doroshenko, Simon Petliura and Alexander Kerensky were Masons.↩

12.V. Soldatenko. Ukrainska revoliutsiia. Kyiv, 1997, 1999. 2 vols.; idem. Ukrainska revoliutsiia. Istorychnyi narys. Kyiv, 1999. Although Soldatenko’s interpretation is leftist-inclined, he pays due attention to the important writings of the Ukrainian conservative Dmytro Doroshenko. A short one- volume account published by the old, now renamed, Institute of Party History provides a summary of the current generally accepted post-independence political history of events: T. A. Bevzo et al. Ukrainska revoliutsiia i derzhavnist. Kyiv, 1998.↩

13.For a survey of recent published foreign scholarship see: Ia. Hrytsak. Ukrainska revoliutsiia, 1914-1923: novi interpretatsii // Ukraina moderna. 1999. No. 2/3. Pp. 254-72.↩

14.See also: V. Boiko. 1917 rik na Chernihivshchyni: istoryko-kraieznavchyi narys. Chernivtsi, 2003; Iu. V. Kotliar. Povstanstvo: selianskyi rukh na Pivdni Ukraïny (1917 – 1925). Mykolaiiv, 2003; D. Vyrsky. Kremenchuh 1917-1920 rr.: provintsiini obrazy revoliutsii. Kyiv, 2003; O. Zavalniuk. Lytsari voli: povstanskyi rukh na Podilli u personaliiakh: 20-i roky XX st. Vynnytsia, 2000; V. I. Semenenko. Istoriia Skhidnoi Ukrainy: ponovlennia kaidanov (1917 – 1922). Kharkiv, 1995; A. N. Zinukhov (Ed.). Provinstialnaia Cheka: Sbornik statei i materialov. Kharkiv, 1994.↩

15.V. Ihnatienko. Ukrainska presa (1816 – 1923 rr.). Kyiv, 1926; H. Rudyi. Hazetna periodyka – dzherelo vyvchennia problem Ukrainskoi kultury 1917 – 1920 rr. Kyiv, 2000.↩

16.Fearful of his political intentions the Rada hoped to dissolve his 20,000-strong corps by refusing him rations, fuel, and clothing in Kyivan depots. Delivery was still possible that December because the rail unions were pro-Rada and on good terms with Skoropadsky. He actually resigned after a personal meeting with Porsh, the minister of war, convinced him he would get nothing. The Rada thereby successfully destroyed the strongest Ukrainian military force available to it. J. Pelensky. (Ed.). Pavlo Skoropadsky. Spohady: kinets 1917 – hruden 1918. Kyiv, 1995. Pp. 95, 98-101.↩

17.P. G. Ryndzionskii. Krestiane i gorod v kapitalisticheskoi Rossii vtoroi poloviny XIX veka. Moscow, 1983. Pp 151, 156, 171, 176, 230. This book examines the entire USSR and includes the three southern Ukrainian provinces with two Russian ones into its “southern region” – where 395 de-acto urban-type settlements were officially classified as “villages.” I know of no similar work devoted exclusively to the Ukrainian provinces. .Statisticians before the revolution had pointed out the shortcomings of the official definition of “town” but the definition was not changed. V. Semenov-Tian-Shanskii, Gorod i derevnia v Evropeiskoi Rossii. St. Petersburg, 1910.↩

18.Ialansky, Verovka. Nestor i Halyna. Pp. 26-34.↩

19.M. Porsh. P. Struve v Ukrainskii spravi // Literaturno-naukovyi vistnyk. May, 1912. Vol. 58. Pp. 333-341, abridged in: M. Hordienko [pseud]. Kapitalizm i russkaia kultura na Ukraine // Ukrainskaia zhizn. 1912. Vol. 9. Pp. 16-32, 20-28. His argument echoes that of Freidrich List and Struve was one of List’s Russian enthusiasts. P. B. Struve, Obshcherusskaia kultura i ukrainskii partikularizm // Russkaia mysl’. January, 1912. Pp. 65-86.↩

20.P. Holquist. Making War Forging Revolution. Russia’s Continuum of Crisis 1914 – 1921. Cambridge, 2002.↩

21.Ia. Hrytsak. Narys istorii Ukrainy. Formuvannia modernoi Ukrainskoi natsii XIX – XX stolittia. Kyiv, 1996. Pp. 159-65.↩

22.S. Bilokin’. Massovyi terror. Pp. 181-203. Bilokin’ examines the ubiquitous Soviet personnel questionnaires and census as state-surveillance tools for the post-1921 period.↩

23.B. Belenkin. Avantiuristy velikoi smutty. Moscow, 2001. Pp. 187 -214. V. Chop. Marussia Nikiforova. Zaporizhzhia, 1998 was unavailable to me.↩

24.M. Baker. Beyond the National: Peasants, Power and Revolution in Ukraine // Journal of Ukrainian Studies. Summer, 1999. No. 1. Pp. 43-44. Unavailable to me at time of writing was: V. Verstiuk (Ed.). Problemy vyvchennia istorii Ukrainskoi revoliutsii 1917 – 1921 rr. Kyiv, 2002.↩

25.Unavailable to me were several periodicals: “Problemy istorii Ukrainy XIX – pochatku XX st., “Rozbudova derzhavy” and “Ukrainskyi selianyn. Pratsi naukovoho-doslidnoho instytutu selianstva.”↩

26.V. Smolii. (Ed.). Tsentralna Rada i Ukrainskyi derzhavotvorchyi protses. Kyiv, 1997. 2 vols.; Ia. Malyk. Totalitarizm v Ukrainskomu seli. Persha sproba vprovadzhennia. Lviv, 1996; O.I.Hanzha. Ukrainske selianstvo v period stanovlennia totalitarnoho rezhimu. 1917 – 1927. Kyiv, 2000.↩

Ab Imperio

Ab Imperio

Украинцы переосмысливают свои революции

Доступ

Сноски

Примечания